The following data is given for general information purposes only and is not to be considered engineering advice. Please consult with an engineer prior to using this data.
ASTM, SAE & ISO Grade Markings & Mechanical Properties For Exotic Fasteners
| Identification Grade Mark |
Specification | Fastener Description |
Material | Nominal Size Range (in.) |
Mechanical Properties | ||
| Proof Load (psi) |
Yield Strength Min (psi) |
Tensile Strength Min (psi) |
|||||
 B5 |
ASTM A193 Grade B5 |
AISI 501 | 1/4 Thru 4 | -- | 80,000 | 100,000 | |
B6 |
ASTM A193 Grade B6 |
AISI 410 | 85,000 | 110,000 | |||
B7 |
ASTM A193 Grade B7 |
AISI 4140, 4142, OR 4105 | 1/4 thru 2-1/2 Over 2-1/2 thru 4 Over 4 thru 7 |
-- -- -- |
105,000 95,000 75,000 |
125,000 115,000 100,000 |
|
B16 |
ASTM A193 Grade B16 |
CrMoVa Alloy Steel | 105,000 95,000 85,000 |
125,000 115,000 100,000 |
|||
B8 |
ASTM A193 Grade B8 |
AISI 304 | 1/4 and larger | -- | 30,000 | 75,000 | |
B8C |
ASTM A193 Grade B8C |
AISI 347 | |||||
B8M |
ASTM A193 Grade B8M |
AISI 316 | |||||
B8T |
ASTM A193 Grade B8T |
Bolts, Screws, Studs for High-Temperature Service |
AISI 321 | 1/4 and larger | -- | 30,000 | 75,000 |
B8 |
ASTM A193 Grade B8 |
AISI 304 Strain Hardened |
1/4 thru 3/4 Over 3/4 thru 1 Over 1 thru 1-1/4 Over 1-1/4 thru 1-1/2 |
-- -- -- -- |
100,000 80,000 65,000 50,000 |
125,000 115,000 105,000 100,000 |
|
B8C |
ASTM A193 Grade B8C |
AISI 347 Strain Hardened |
|||||
B8M |
ASTM A193 Grade B8M |
AISI 316 Strain Hardened |
95,000 80,000 65,000 50,000 |
110,000 100,000 95,000 90,000 |
|||
B8T |
ASTM A193 Grade B8T |
AISI 321 Strain Hardened |
100,000 80,000 65,000 50,000 |
125,000 115,000 105,000 100,000 |
|||
L7 |
ASTM A320 Grade L7 |
Bolts, Screws, Studs for Low-Temperature Service |
AISI 4140, 4142 or 4145 |
1/4 thru 2-1/2 | -- | 105,000 | 125,000 |
L7A |
ASTM A320 Grade L7A |
AISI 4037 | |||||
L7B |
ASTM A320 Grade L7B |
AISI 4137 | |||||
L7C |
ASTM A320 Grade LC7 |
AISI 8740 | |||||
L43 |
ASTM A320 Grade L43 |
AISI 4340 | 1/4 thru 4 | -- | 105,000 | 125,000 | |
B8 |
ASTM A320 Grade B8 |
Bolts, Screws, Studs for Low-Temperature Service |
AISI 304 | 1/4 and larger | -- | 30,000 | 75,000 |
B8C |
ASTM A320 Grade B8C |
AISI 347 | |||||
B8T |
ASTM A320 Grade B8T |
AISI 321 | |||||
B8F |
ASTM A320 Grade B8F |
AISI 303 or 303Se |
|||||
B8M |
ASTM A320 Grade B8M |
AISI 316 | |||||
B8 |
ASTM A320 Grade B8 |
AISI 304 | 1/4 thru 3/4 Over 3/4 thru 1 Over 1 thru 1-1/4 Over 1-1/4 thru 1-1/2 |
-- -- -- -- |
100,000 80,000 65,00 50,00 |
100,000 80,000 65,00 50,00 |
|
B8C |
ASTM A320 Grade B8C |
AISI 347 | |||||
B8F |
ASTM A320 Grade B8F |
AISI 303 or 303Se |
|||||
B8M |
ASTM A320 Grade B8M |
AISI 316 | |||||
B8T |
ASTM A320 Grade B8T |
AISI 321 | |||||
 |
SAE J429 Grade 5 |
Bolts, Screws, Studs |
Medium Carbon Steel, Quenched and Tempered | 1/4 thru 1 Over 1 to 1-1/2 |
85,000 74,000 |
92,000 81,000 |
120,000 105,000 |
| ASTM A449 | 1/4 thru 1 Over 1 to 1-1/2 Over 1-1/2 thru 3 |
85,000 74,000 55,000 |
92,000 81,000 58,000 |
120,000 105,000 90,000 |
|||
 |
SAE J429 Grade 5.1 |
Sems | Low or Medium Carbon Steel, Quenched and Tempered | No. 6 thru 3/8 |
85,000 | -- | 120,000 |
 |
SAE J429 Grade 5.2 |
Bolts, Screws, Studs |
Low Carbon Martensitic Steel, Quenched and Tempered | 1/4 thru 1 | 85,000 | 92,000 | 120,000 |
A325 |
ASTM A325 Type 1 |
High Strength Structural Bolts |
Medium Carbon Steel, Quenched and Tempered | 1/2 thru 1 1-1/8 thru 1-1/2 |
85,000 74,000 |
92,000 81,000 |
120,000 105,000 |
A325 |
ASTM A325 Type 2 |
Low Carbon Martensitic Steel, Quenched and Tempered | 1/2 thru 1 | 85,000 | 92,000 | 120,000 | |
A325 |
ASTM A325 Type 3 |
Atmospheric Corrosion Resisting Steel, Quenched and Tempered | 1/2 thru 1 1-1/8 thru 1-1/2 |
85,000 74,000 |
92,000 81,000 |
120,000 105,000 |
|
 BB |
ASTM A354 Grade BB |
Bolts, Studs |
Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered | 1/4 thru 2-1/2 2-3/4 thru 4 |
80,000 75,000 |
83,000 78,000 |
105,000 100,000 |
 BC |
ASTM A354 Grade BC |
105,000 95,000 |
109,000 99,000 |
125,000 115,000 |
|||
 |
SAE J429 Grade 7 |
Bolts, Screws, |
Medium Carbon Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered 4 | 1/4 thru 1-1/2 | 105,000 | 115,000 | 133,000 |
 |
SAE J429 Grade 8 |
Bolts, Screws, Studs |
Medium Carbon Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered | 1/4 thru 1-1/2 | 120,000 | 130,000 | 150,000 |
| ASTM A354 Grade BD |
Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered 4 | ||||||
No Grade Mark |
SAE J429 Grade 8.1 |
Studs | Medium Carbon Alloy or SAE 1041 Modified Elevated Temperature Drawn Steel | 1/4 thru 1-1/2 | 120,000 | 130,000 | 150,000 |
A490 |
ASTM A490 | High Strength Structural Bolts | Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered | 1/2 thru 1-1/2 | 120,000 | 130,000 | 150,000 min 170,000 max |
Mechanical Requirements for Stainless Steel & Non-Ferrous Fasteners
| Grade | General Descpription of Material |
Bolts, Screws and Studs |
Nuts |
||||||
| Full Size Bolts, Screws, Studs |
Machine Test Sprecimens of Bolts, Screws, Studs |
Hardness Rockwell |
Proof Load Stress |
Hardness Rockwell |
|||||
| Yield Strength |
Tensile Strength |
Yield Strength |
Tensile Strength |
Elong- ation |
|||||
| Min psi | Min psi | Min psi | Min psi | % Min. | Min | psi | Min | ||
| 303A | Austenitic Stainless Steel- Sol. Annealed |
30,000 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 75,000 | 20 | B75 | 75,000 | B75 |
| 304-A | Austenitic Stainless Steel- Sol. Annealed |
30,000 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 75,000 | 20 | B75 | 75,000 | B75 |
| 304 | Austenitic Stainless Steel- Cold Worked |
50,000 | 90,000 | 45,000 | 85,000 | 20 | B85 | 90,000 | B85 |
| 304-SH | Austenitic Stainless Steel- Strain Hardened |
See Note 6 |
See Note 6 |
See Note 6 |
See Note 6 |
15 | C25 | See Note 6 |
C20 |
| 305-A | Austenitic Stainless Steel- Sol. Annealed |
30,000 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 75,000 | 20 | B70 | 75,000 | B70 |
| 305 | Austenitic Stainless Steel- Cold Worked |
50,000 | 90,000 | 45,000 | 85,000 | 20 | B85 | 90,000 | B85 |
| 305-SH | Austenitic Stainless Steel- Strain Hardened |
See Note 6 |
See Note 6 |
See Note 6 |
See Note 6 |
15 | C25 | See Note 6 |
C20 |
| 316-A | Austenitic Stainless Steel- Sol. Annealed |
30,000 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 75,000 | 20 | B70 | 75,000 | B70 |
| 316 | Austenitic Stainless Steel- Cold Worked |
50,000 | 90,000 | 45,000 | 85,000 | 20 | B85 | 90,000 | B85 |
| 316-SH | Austenitic Stainless Steel- Strain Hardened |
See Note 6 |
See Note 6 |
See Note 6 |
See Note 6 |
15 | C25 | See Note 6 |
C20 |
| XM7-A | Austenitic Stainless Steel- Sol. Annealed |
30,000 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 75,000 | 20 | B70 | 75,000 | B70 |
| XM7 | Austenitic Stainless Steel- Cold Worked |
50,000 | 90,000 | 45,000 | 85,000 | 20 | B85 | 90,000 | B85 |
| 384-A | Austenitic Stainless Steel- Sol. Annealed |
30,000 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 75,000 | 20 | B70 | 75,000 | B70 |
| 384 | Austenitic Stainless Steel- Cold Worked |
50,000 | 90,000 | 45,000 | 85,000 | 20 | B85 | 90,000 | B85 |
| 410-H | Martensitic Stainless Steel- Hardened and Tempered |
95,000 | 125,000 | 95,000 | 125,000 | 20 | C22 | 125,000 | C22 |
| 410-HT | Martensitic Stainless Steel- Hardened and Tempered |
135,000 | 180,000 | 135,000 | 180,000 | 12 | C36 | 180,000 | C36 |
| 416-H | Martensitic Stainless Steel- Hardened and Tempered |
95,000 | 125,000 | 95,000 | 125,000 | 20 | C22 | 125,000 | C22 |
| 416-HT | Martensitic Stainless Steel- Hardened and Tempered |
135,000 | 180,000 | 135,000 | 180,000 | 12 | C36 | 180,000 | C36 |
| 430 | Ferritic Stainless Steel |
40,000 | 70,000 | 40,000 | 70,000 | 20 | B75 | 70,000 | B75 |
| 464-HF | Naval Brass | 15,000 | 52,000 | 14,000 | 50,000 | 25 | B56 | 52,000 | B56 |
| 464 | Naval Brass | 27,000 | 60,000 | 25,000 | 57,000 | 25 | B65 | 60,000 | B65 |
| 462 | Naval Brass | 27,000 | 52,000 | 24,000 | 50,000 | 20 | B65 | 52,000 | B65 |
| 642 | Aluminum Bronze | 35,000 | 72,000 | 35,000 | 72,000 | 15 | B75 | 72,000 | B75 |
| 630 | Aluminum Bronze | 50,000 | 105,000 | 50,000 | 105,000 | 10 | B90 | 105,000 | B90 |
| 614 | Aluminum Bronze | 40,000 | 75,000 | 40,000 | 75,000 | 30 | B70 | 75,000 | B70 |
| 510 | Phosphor Bronze | 35,000 | 60,000 | 35,000 | 60,000 | 15 | B60 | 60,000 | B60 |
| 675 | Manganese Bronze | 22,000 | 55,000 | 22,000 | 55,000 | 20 | B60 | 55,000 | B60 |
| 655-HF | Silicon Bronze | 20,000 | 52,000 | 18,500 | 50,000 | 20 | B60 | 52,000 | B60 |
| 655 | Silicon Bronze | 38,000 | 70,000 | 36,000 | 68,000 | 15 | B75 | 70,000 | B75 |
| 651 | Silicon Bronze | 45,000 | 75,000 | 42,500 | 72,000 | 8 | B75 | 75,000 | B75 |
| 661 | Silicon Bronze | 38,000 | 70,000 | 38,000 | 70,000 | 15 | B75 | 70,000 | B75 |
| NICU- A-HF |
Nickel-Copper Alloy A |
25,000 | 70,000 | 25,000 | 70,000 | 20 | B70 | 70,000 | B70 |
| NICU-A | Nickel-Copper Alloy A |
40,000 | 80,000 | 40,000 | 80,000 | 20 | B80 | 80,000 | B80 |
| NICU-B | Nickel-Copper Alloy B |
40,000 | 80,000 | 40,000 | 80,000 | 20 | B80 | 80,000 | B80 |
| NICU-K(7) | Nickel-Copper Aluminum Alloy |
90,000 | 130,000 | 90,000 | 130,000 | 20 | C24 | 130,000 | C24 |
| 2024-T4 | Aluminum Alloy | 40,000 | 55,000 | 40,000 | 55,000 | 14 | B70 | 55,000 | B70 |
| 6061-T6 | Aluminum Alloy | 35,000 | 42,000 | 35,000 | 42,000 | 12 | B50 | 42,000 | B50 |
Note: Austenitic stainless steel, strain hardened bolts, screws, studs, and nuts shall have the following strength per properties:
| Product Size |
Bolts, Screws, Studs |
Nuts |
|||
| Tested Full Size | Machine Test Specimens, | Proof Load Stress |
|||
| Yield Strength |
Tensile Strength |
Yield Strength |
Tensile Strength |
||
| in. | min psi | min psi | min psi | min psi | psi |
| to 5/8 in. | 100,000 | 125,000 | 90,000 | 115,000 | 125,000 |
| over 5/8 to 1 in. | 70,000 | 105,000 | 65,000 | 100,000 | 105,000 |
| over 1 to 1-1/2 in. | 50,000 | 90,000 | 45,000 | 85,000 | 90,000 |
Tensile Strength
A General Guide to the Room Temperature Tensile Strength of Common Fastener Alloys*
Grade |
Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength |
General Use |
Carbon steels |
100,000 psi to 175,000 psi |
Often used for nuts |
Alloy steels |
100,000 psi to 180,000 psi |
Used for bolts and screws |
Tool steel (H-11) |
Up to 260,000 psi |
High strength fasteners |
Austenitic stainless steels (300 series) |
75,000 psi (carbide solution treated) 100,000 psi to 125,000 psi (strain hard) |
Corrosion resistant fasteners |
Martensitic stainless steels (400 series) |
90,000 psi to 140,000 psi |
Less corrosion resistance than 300 series |
Precipitation hardenable (PH) stainless steels (17-4PH, A286) |
80,000 psi to 180,000 psi |
Corrosion resistance similar to 300 series stainless |
|
(Inconel 718, Inconel X750, Waspaloy) |
140,000 psi to 180,000 psi |
Superior corrosion resistance, elevated temperature strength |
|
(Alloy 20, Inconel 600, Inconel 625, Inconel 686) |
80,000 psi to 120,000 psi (annealed) Up to 180,000 psi (strain hardened) |
Corrosion resistance in severe environments |
|
(Monel 400) |
80,000 psi |
Corrosion resistance in a variety of environments including seawater |
|
(K-500) |
160,000 psi |
Corrosion resistance in a variety of environments including seawater |
Cobalt based alloys (MP35N, MP159) |
Up to 260,000 psi |
Superior corrosion resistance |
Titanium alloys (commercially pure; alpha-beta alloys) |
35,000 psi to 80,000 psi (annealed) 140,000 psi to 190,000 psi (hardened) |
Light weight, excellent corrosion resistance |
Copper based alloys |
30,000 psi to 70,000 psi |
Electrical conductivity, heat transfer, corrosion resistance |
*Source: ASM Metals Handbook, Vol.1&2, 10th Edition.
Hardness Conversion Table
| Brinell Hardness | Rockwell B-Scale | Rockwell C-Scale | Approximate Tensile (lbs/PSI) |
| 653 | - | 62 | 324,000 |
| 627 | - | 60 | 311,000 |
| 601 | - | 59 | 306,000 |
| 578 | - | 57 | 290,000 |
| 578 | - | 57 | 290,000 |
| 555 | - | 56 | 284,000 |
| 534 | - | 54 | 270,000 |
| 514 | - | 53 | 263,000 |
| 495 | - | 51 | 250,000 |
| 477 | - | 50 | 243,000 |
| 461 | - | 49 | 236,000 |
| 444 | - | 47 | 223,000 |
| 429 | - | 47 | 217,000 |
| 415 | - | 45 | 211,000 |
| 401 | - | 42 | 194,000 |
| 388 | - | 41 | 188,000 |
| 375 | - | 40 | 182,000 |
| 363 | - | 38 | 171,000 |
| 352 | - | 37 | 166,000 |
| 331 | - | 36 | 162,000 |
| 321 | - | 34 | 153,000 |
| 311 | - | 33 | 148,000 |
| 302 | - | 32 | 144,000 |
| 293 | - | 31 | 140,000 |
| 285 | - | 30 | 136,000 |
| 277 | - | 29 | 132,000 |
| 269 | - | 28 | 129,000 |
| 262 | - | 27 | 126,000 |
| 255 | - | 25 | 120,000 |
| 248 | - | 24 | 117,000 |
| 241 | 100 | 23 | 115,000 |
| 235 | 99 | 22 | 112,000 |
| 229 | 98 | 21 | 110,000 |
| 223 | 97 | 20 | 108,000 |
| 217 | 96 | - | 103,000 |
| 212 | 96 | - | 103,000 |
| 207 | 95 | - | 101,000 |
| 202 | 94 | - | 98,000 |
| 197 | 93 | - | 96,000 |
| 192 | 92 | - | 93,000 |
| 187 | 91 | - | 91,000 |
| 183 | 90 | - | 89,000 |
| 179 | 89 | - | 87,000 |
| 174 | 88 | - | 85,000 |
| 170 | 87 | - | 83,000 |
| 166 | 86 | - | 81,000 |
| 163 | 85 | - | 80,000 |
| 159 | 84 | - | 78,000 |
| 156 | 83 | - | 77,000 |
| 153 | 82 | - | 76,000 |
| 149 | 81 | - | 75,000 |
| 146 | 80 | - | 74,000 |
| 143 | 79 | - | 73,000 |
| 140 | 78 | - | 71,000 |
| 137 | 77 | - | 70,000 |
| 134 | 76 | - | 69,000 |
| 131 | 74 | - | 67,000 |
| 128 | 73 | - | 66,000 |
| 126 | 72 | - | 65,000 |
| 124 | 71 | - | 63,000 |
| 121 | 70 | - | 62,000 |
| 118 | 69 | - | 61,000 |
| 116 | 68 | - | 60,000 |
| 114 | 67 | - | 59,000 |
| 112 | 66 | - | 58,000 |
| 109 | 65 | - | 57,000 |
| 107 | 64 | - | 55,000 |
The above data is given for general information purposes only and is not to be considered engineering advice. Please consult with an engineer prior to using this data.